[К предыдущему посту о фильме "Лачплесис"]Ой, посоны, виноват, на этом сайте о латвийской истории, оказывается, можно перейти по тегу "латвия-война-за-независимость" и выпадут некоторые интересные статейки. Конечно, на английском, но понять все можно.
http://latvianhistory.com/tag/latvian-war-for-freedom/Больше всего интересны следующие.
- Британский королевский флот в Балтийском море в поддержке независимости Латвии - весьма неплохая статья, информативно.
- Латвийско-российский мирный договор 1920 года - ничего нового, но прочитать можно.
- Евреи Латвии в борьбе за латвийскую независимость - аж 1000 человек сынов Израиля боролась за независимость своей Родины! А может и все 1200. Четверо получили высшую награду страны - орден Лачплесиса.
- Советская Латвия 1918-1920 гг. - составлено, само собой, в типичных для современной Латвии выражениях о крававам бальшивиЦкам гинацыде!
Latvian communists were convinced in their quest for worldwide socialist revolution and saw Latvia as flaming torch against the revolutionary enemy powder tower. Pēteris Stučka declared a steadfast move to socialism. To start this a Red Terror was initiated. At first it was chaotic, made towards former governmental workers and keeping the order. Special local investigative commissions were formed and first revolutionary tribunal in Vecgulbene on December 18. After realizing all these institutions were working independently beyond government control the LSSR Commissariat of Justice begun to take direct control over them. Revolutionary Tribunals were made in every district. The goal was the struggle and extermination of bourgeoisie.
Armed Latvian communist women. Many women took part in the soviet atrocities
The class war started with the removal of political rights for everyone except workers. Next step was struggle against private property. To assist front line confiscations of personal belongings were issued by force. After that the people considered bourgeoisie started were forced to take part in social work. Nobles, land and real estate owners, tradesman, businessman and intellectuals were sent to work on streets and heavy works. Those who resisted were threatened with revolutionary tribunal and concentration camp.
As the front line reports became more threatening, the enslavement was no longer enough. On the frontline communist groups took hostages and cleared the prisons on retreat. On March 14 first mass execution in Riga took place. 57 prisoners were shot. Next day in Riga Female Prison 30 people were killed. At the end of March 200 people were shot in Riga main prions. Executions took place in country side and in Daugavpils far from frontlines. 98 people were shot there on March 26-27. If that was not enough an order was issued to forcibly move people from Riga Central Districts to remote places such as Zaķusala, Kundziņslala and Sarkandaugava.Hundreds of thousand people were moved, the exact number is unknown. People were sent to ghetto like envoriments
One of the main sufferers of the terror were Baltic Germans. As front came closer soviets begun to take hostages 91% of imprisoned hostages were Germans. More than thousand people were taken hostage. Nationalistic hate towards Germans was clearly present in soviet Latvian ideology and was seen as revenge for the events of 1905 and beyond.
The main terror institutions were Interior affairs commissariat and commissariat of Justice. In contrary to Russia, own Latvian Emergency Commission the Latvian version of Cheka was not made. As Cheka in Russia was autonomous from other state institutions causing problems, Latvian soviets made secret police within Interior Affairs commissariat called Political Department. The “trials” were made by revolutionary tribunals. Soviets managed to build concentration camps in various parts of Latvia. Largest one was in city of Pļaviņas.
The amount of victims by the Red Terror is not precisely known. One account names 3632 of them 1549 murdered in Riga. Pēteris Stučka later himself claimed to have killed 1000 people during his rule. Various documents deny us to make precise calculations. The Latvian Soviet government had genocidal character as it was clear attempt to exterminate completely various social and ethnic groups. The terror was disproportional to actual resistance and increased because of front line problems. The terror only boosted the resistance against the regime.
The reason for this was also radical economic reforms. Steps were taken to completely destroy the private property. First drastic emergency tax was instituted against bourgeoisie and confiscation of the capital. Then in February banks were nationalized. Then on March 1 1919 major step was done to begin nationalization of all rural lands. Land owners became renters and had to sign contract to use the land further. It was done according to teachings of Karl Marx that expropriation and land rent would ensure state income. However, Stučka was planning to create soviet collective farms. This was the move that made people against the soviet power. Instead of giving land to landless peasants everything was taken by the state and gathered in collective farms. On March 8 last decree was made to confiscate all industrial, trade and agricultural enterprises in value of 10 0000 ruble. Only thing that soviets were unable to ban was money, but they hoped to ban it sometime later.
Да, такой геноцид что аж геноцид. Насчет 3500 убитых в Латвии, а тем более 1500 в Риге я не очень верю. В России за весь 1918-й год ЧК расстреляла около 8, ну может 10 тысяч. А тут вдруг такое резкое увеличение относительно населения Латвии, да еще при отсутствии ЧК. Слабо верится.
Ну ладно, пусть будет в копилке, там посмотрим.
Фотки там хорошие. Увеличиваются по клику, кстати.
One of the ships in the Soviet Latvian War Fleet. Slogan on side says Death to Capitalism!
British sailors on board during the Battle of Riga 1919
Pēteris Stučka and his soviet government in Riga ![[personal profile]](https://www.dreamwidth.org/img/silk/identity/user.png){kind=small}
